Uterine culturing and biopsy are essential components of a breeding soundness examination, allowing us to identify and directly culture the specific organism responsible for metritis, thereby facilitating effective treatment and resolution of the infection while preventing scarring within the uterus. Prior to breeding a mare, whether through natural means or artificial insemination, culturing the uterus becomes crucial. Uterine biopsies enhance the assessment of a mare’s breeding potential by identifying damage that may have occurred due to previous foaling, infections, or urine retention. By employing specialized instruments and aseptic techniques, we can gather a small sample of the uterine lining, which is subsequently sent to a board-certified pathologist for thorough evaluation. This biopsy enables us to assess any scarring present in the uterus, and, if detected early, certain levels of scarring may be amenable to correction.